Pathway: Equitable development

Access to clean cooking is essential for leading a healthy and productive life. Clean cooking solutions comprise fuels and technologies that cause very little or no household air pollution. While the definition of ‘clean cooking’ varies, they all broadly include technical aspects (type of fuel, stove efficiency), environmental (exposure, ventilation, etc.) and social aspects (access). Various sources also define certain clean fuels based largely on their emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases (GHG), including solar, biogas, natural gas, liquified petroleum gas (LPG), ethanol-based fuels. Other measures include other multi-dimensional factors, including exposure, fuel efficiency, safety, convenience, affordability, and availability. The focus of this solution is renewable sources and enablers that can be used for clean cooking, excluding fossil fuels such as natural gas and LPG that might meet the definition of clean cooking, but are not renewable.

Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology is an excellent option as an environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels, and will be a key technology in tackling the climate emergency since it exploits clean and renewable sources of energy.

Sector coupling is defined as the process of interconnecting power generating resources with energy consuming sectors such as the heating, transport, gas, and other. This is in order to economically optimize operations of the energy system and facilitate the integration of the intermittent renewables through enhanced energy system flexibility. There are two main strategies: first, through electrification by promoting electric mobility and replacing traditional heating systems with electric heat pumps, to use renewable electricity instead of fossil fuels. The second strategy is through “Power-to-X”, whereby synthetic fuels are produced from renewable electricity through transformation into heating (P2H) or cooling, gas (P2G), or liquid (P2L) for use in final consumption. The generated fuels and carriers such as hydrogen, methane, gasoline, or kerosene can also reduce CO2 emissions using the existing gas and heat infrastructure.

Community-owned renewable energy projects involve a community in the development, operation, and/or benefit-sharing of a renewable energy installation. Through cost-sharing ownership models, these projects enable participants to own assets with a lower individual investment.