10 urban risk factors influencing health in African cities

Over 40% of Africa’s population is urban, expected to double by 2050, with over half living in informal settlements. Local governments must act on interconnected health risks through coordinated, multi-sectoral planning and community-centred measures that prioritise the most vulnerable such as children, women, older persons, people with chronic illness, outdoor workers, migrants, and those living in informal and low-income communities.